Everything about Jerome Of Prague totally explained
Jerome of Prague (
Jeroným Pražský in
Czech,
1379 –
May 30 1416) was one of the chief followers and most devoted friends of
John Hus. He was born in
Prague to a wealthy family; after taking his bachelor's degree at the
University of Prague in
1398, he secured in
1399 permission to travel. In
1401 he returned to Prague, but in
1402 visited
England, and in
Oxford copied out the
Dialogus and
Trialogus of
John Wyclif, and thus evinced his interest in
Lollardry. He also became an ardent and outspoken advocate of
realism (as opposed to
nominalism) and from then on Wyclifism and realism were charges which were constantly getting him into trouble. In
1403 he went to
Jerusalem, in
1405 to
Paris. There he took his Master's degree, but
Jean Gerson drove him out. In
1406 he took the same degree at the
University of Cologne, and a little later at the
University of Heidelberg.
He was no safer in Prague, to which he returned, and where, in
1407, he took the same degree. In that year he returned to Oxford, but was again compelled to flee. During
1408 and
1409 he was in Prague, and there his pronounced Czech preferences aroused opposition to him in some quarters. Early in January of
1410, he made a cautious speech in favour of Wyclif's philosphlical views, and this was cited against him at the
Council of Constance four years later. In March of 1410, a
Papal Bull against Wyclif's writings was issued, and on the charge of favouring them, Jerome was imprisoned in
Vienna, but managed to escape to
Moravia. For this he was excommunicated by the
bishop of Kraków. Returned to Prague, he appeared publicly as the advocate of Hus. In
1413 he was at the courts of
Poland and
Lithuania, making a deep impression by his eloquence and learning.
In
Kraków, he was publicly examined as to his acceptance of the forty-five articles which the enemies of Wyclif had made up from Wyclif's writings and which they asserted represented Wyclif's heretical teachings. Jerome declared that he rejected them in their general tenor. When, on
October 11 1414, Hus left for the Council of Constance, Jerome assured him that if needed, he'd come to his assistance. This promise he faithfully kept, for on
April 4 1415, he arrived at Constance. As he had, unlike Hus, come without a safe-conduct, his friends persuaded him to return to Bohemia. But on his way back he was arrested in
Hirschau on
April 20 and taken to
Sulzbach, where he was imprisoned, and was returned to Constance on May 23, and immediately arraigned before the council on the charge of fleeing a citation — one having been really issued against him, but as he was away at the time he was ignorant of it.
His condemnation was predetermined in consequence of his general acceptance of the views of Wyclif, and also because of his open admiration of Hus. Consequently he hadn't a fair hearing. His imprisonment was so rigorous that he fell seriously ill and so was induced to recant at public sessions of the council held on
September 11 and
September 23 1415. The words put into his mouth on these occasions made him renounce both Wyclif and Hus. The same physical weakness made him write in Bohemian letters to the king of Bohemia and to the University of Prague, which were declared to be entirely voluntary and to state his own opinions, in which he announced that he'd become convinced that Hus had been rightfully burned for
heresy. But this course didn't secure his liberation nor decrease the likelihood of his condemnation. On
May 23 1416, and on
May 26, he was put on trial by the council. On the second day he boldly recanted his recantation, and so on
May 30 he was finally condemned and immediately thereafter burned.
Jerome's attachment to the Church was sincere; consequently, as he rejected Wyclif's teachings as to the
Lord's Supper, the council really had slender grounds for his execution. His extensive travels, his wide erudition, his eloquence, his wit, made him a formidable critic of the degenerate church of his day, and it was for his criticisms rather than for heresy that his death was compassed.
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